PRD for "STOP TB Application"- Community Screening Application


1. Document Overview

This document defines the functional requirements for the TB Screening mobile application developed under the TB Mukt Janjati Abhiyan: A community-driven TB elimination initiative targeting tribal populations across India. The application is purpose-built for field use by community volunteers in tribal areas where connectivity, literacy, and device familiarity may be limited.
The application should be simple to use, comprehensive and must work in low/no-connectivity environments.

1.1 Purpose

 
This application is developed to screen and maximize TB case detection in all age groups through active case finding, contact investigation, and community mobilization. This application helps in patient tracking throughout treatment cascade at community and facility level via Community Influencers and STOP TBs. Ensure prompt referral and linkage of diagnosed individuals from community to health facilities for timely treatment initiation is the purpose of this application.

 
1.2 Users of the system


1. Volunteers- Community mobilization, screenings, camps etc.
2. Admin / NTEP/ STOP TB- Backend/Dashboard Access

 
1.3 In Scope Functional Modules




TB Screening modulesEnlisted in the PRD
Nikshay integrationExternal dependency
Integration of AI enabled hand- held chest Xray (digital)External technical dependency
Lab testing device integration (sputum testing)- TrueNatExternal technical dependency

General NCD Screening module (Vital check-up)

Enlisted in the PRD

General OPD module

Enlisted in the PRD

Dashboard indicators

Enlisted in the PRD. Can be added more as per the requirement.

 Pre Camp Work Plan Preparation Module

Subjected to requirement



1.4 Workflow


2. Login Page


UI Field Name 

Field Type 

Options 

Validations 

"STOP TB" Application Logo 

<Placeholder> 

 

 

Please Select your Language 

Radio Button 

  • English 
  • Hindi 

 
 
 
 
 
 

  • The fields and labels must populate in the language selected by the user 
     
     
     

Username 

Textbox 



Password

Textbox



Remember Me 

Checkbox 

 

  • When 'Remember Me' checkbox is selected, next time directly allow user to login just by authenticating with fingerprint 

Powered by Piramal Foundation 

Text 

 

  • Display on the bottom of the screen


2.1 Landing page

  1. Full Name (User)
  2. Username
  3. Sync Records
  4. Create ABHA ID
  5. Support
  6. Request to delete account
  7. Log out

2.2 Home Page- "Home tab" 

2.2.1 Module - Beneficiary Registration


Photo of the beneficiary

Name

Beneficiary ID


Age (Years)

Village Name-


Phone Number

ABHA ID (ABHA registration)- Clickable


Field Name

Field Type

Value/ Options

Validation/ Logic

Date of registration



Should be auto selected and updated when the volunteer logs in the application to do the screening.

Beneficiary ID (AMRIT ID)

 

 

Unique ID auto generated by the system

Photo

Camera

Optional

  • Should have face detection/ Facial recognition
  • Camera should identify & capture human face but not any objects
  • Show an Alert if Photo is not captured, just as reminder but Not Mandatory
  • Alert: "Do you like to Take Photo", Yes or No If "Yes", open Camera; If "No", go to next

First Name

Text


  • Mandatory
  • Speech to text feature

Last Name



  • Optional
  • Speech to text feature

Beneficiary Status

Radio Button

·       Alive

·       Death

·       Enable only in the “Edit” Beneficiary screen

·       Auto-populate, if ‘Death’ is reported from any module

·       Default value is “Alive”

·       If “Death” is selected, enable below four fields and mark it mandatory-

1. Date of Death

2. Time of Death

3. Reason for Death

4. Place of Death or Other Place of Death

Date of Death

Date picker


·       Enable if “Beneficiary status”= “Death”

·       Mandatory if enabled

·       By default, date is null

·       Not greater than Today’s Date

·       Accept ‘Date of Death’ after date of registration

·       Auto-populate, if ‘Death’ is reported from any module (eg: Tuberculosis)

Time of Death

Time picker


·       Show only if above value is “Death”

·       Optional

Reason for Death

(Type of Death)


·       Maternal Death

·       Natural Death

·       Accident

·       Infectious Disease

·       Animal Bite Death

·       Suicide

·       Undetermined

·       Enable if “Beneficiary status”= “Death”

·       Mandatory if enabled

  • Show only above value is “Death” and it is Mandatory
  • If Gender is Female, and Age is 15-49 Years, show “Maternal Death” in dropdown list otherwise hide

Place of Death


  • Home
  • Subcenter
  • PHC
  • CHC
  • District Hospital
  • Medical College Hospital
  • Private Hospital
  • In Transit
  • Other Place of Death

·       Enable if “Beneficiary status”= “Death”

·       Mandatory if enabled

  • If ‘Place of Death’ is selected as “Other Place of Death” then enable below field “Other Place of Death” and is mandatory. 

Other Place of Death

Textbox


  • Enable if “Beneficiary status”= “Death”
  •  Mandatory if enabled

Age

Number (Years)


  • Mandatory
  • If DOB unknown, approximate age allowed

Date of Birth

Date Picker


  • Populate automatically if entered

Gender

Dropdown

  • Male
  • Female
  • Transgender
  • Prefer not to say
  • Mandatory

Mobile Number

Number


  • Mandatory
  • Speech to text feature

Whose mobile number

dropdown


 

Marital Status

dropdown

  • Unmarried
  • Married
  • Divorced
  • Separated
  • Widow
  • Widower
  • Mandatory and single selection allowed
  • Not Applicable for Newborn/ Child/ Adolescent (Age 0 to less than 15 Years)
  • editable
  • optional
  • Based on the 'Gender' values in this dropdown list should change as follows:
  • In case of 'Gender' = "Female" show "Widow" and hide "Widower"
  • In case of 'Gender' = "Male" show "Widower" and hide "Widow"

Are you pregnant

 radio button

  • Yes
  • No
  • Should be enabled if "age" is 15 years and above, "gender" = "female" and if "Marital status"= "Married"
  • Mandatory if enabled
  • If ""Are you pregnant"= "Yes", then referral to TrueNAT and not digital chest x-ray.

Husband's/ Wife's Name

Textbox


  • Input method: Speech to Text feature
  • Optional
  • Should be enabled if "Marital status"= Married
  • Based on the Gender show label name as: 'Husband's' or 'Wife's Name'
  • Accept alphabets only
  • Character limit 50
  • All letter should be in caps

Father's Name

Textbox


  • Input method: Speech to Text feature
  • Optional
  • Accept alphabets only
  • Character limit 50
  • All letter should be in caps

Mother's Name

Textbox


  • Input method: Speech to Text feature
  • Optional
  • Accept alphabets only
  • Character limit 50
  • All letter should be in caps

Community

radio button

  • General
  • SC
  • ST
  • OBC
  • OC
  • Not Given


  • should be editable
  • optional

Religion

radio button

  • Hindu
  • Muslim
  • Christian
  • Sikhism
  • Buddhism
  • Jainism
  • Parsi
  • Other
  • Not disclosed


  • should be editable
  • optional

Economic Status

radio button

  • APL
  • BPL
  • Don't know
  • optional

Type of Residential area

radio button

  • Rural
  • Urban
  • Tribal
  • Tea Garden
  • Other
  • optional

Other Type of Residential area

Textbox


  • Enable if other is selected above
  • Allow Alphanumeric Character and special Characters
  • Character limit 100

Occupation

free text


  • Default value is unknown
  • Optional

Village/ Hamlet

dropdown


  • Single selection allowed
  • This must auto fetch the dropdown values (Villages) with which the user is aligned.

Sub Centre

dropdown

 
  •  Single selection

Capture Geolocation



  • Capture current location details (latitude, longitude, address)

Cancel

Button

  • Yes
  • No
  • If cancel is selected, a pop up message "Are you Sure?" with options "Yes" and "No" will come.
  • If selected "yes" navigate back to home page
  • If selected "no" then do not erase the patient health data and let the page remain open so it can be submitted by volunteer as sometime by mistake cancel button is clicked.

Submit



  • On clicking this, it must display the Pop up msg "Patient Registered successfully"
  • This must store the data of the patient and display the required fields over the Beneficiary card.

2.2.2 Module- Tuberculosis

2.2.2.a TB Screening 

In this section show all beneficiaries irrespective of any age group and gender. 

This module should open in continuation after beneficiary registration.

 

TB Screening

 

 

 

Date 

Calendar 
Date Picker 

Is Mandatory 

  • Default value Today's Date 
  • Not greater than Today's Date 
  • Accept date greater or equal to Date of beneficiary registration 
  • should not allow to update in edit or once submitted 

Coughing More than 2 weeks * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Blood in Sputum * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Fever > 2 weeks * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Rise of fever in evening*

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Loss of Appetite*

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Loss of Weight * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Night Sweats * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

History of TB * 

radio button 

  •  Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Are you currently taking Anti TB drugs ** 

radio button 

  • Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Anyone in Family Currently Suffering from TB ** 

radio button 

  • Yes 
  • No 
  •  Mandatory

Submit 

Button 

 

 

 

Fields

Validation

Anthropometric 

 

Weight (Kgs) 

- 

Height (cms) 

- 

BMI=Weight/(Height/100) ²  

Should be auto calculated if height and weight details are entered

Vitals

 

Temperature (Degree Fahrenheit) 

Give predefined options (Normal range= 97-99 F)

a) 97.5

b) 98.5

c) 99.5

d)>= 100

If option d)>= 100 is chosen, show alert "Refer to Health and Wellness Centre" and show such beneficiaries in "Referral" card in Home

Pulse Rate (beats per minute) 

Give predefined options (Normal range= 60-90 BPM)

a) less than 60

b) 60-70

c) 70-80

d) More than 90

If "less than 60" or "more than 90" option is chosen, show alert "Refer to Health and Wellness Centre" and show such beneficiaries in "Referral" card in Home

Referred for

Auto selection 
  • "Digital Chest X-ray",
  • True NAT
  • Default option "Digital Chest X-ray" will be selected for everyone except if "age=< 5 years" and "are you pregnant= yes".
  • "True NAT" will be the default option for "age=< 5 years" and "are you pregnant= yes".
  • Based on the option auto chosen, show beneficiaries in "Digital Chest X-ray", "True NAT" cards in Referral section.


2.2.2.b Suspected TB cases  
This section should contain all beneficiaries in the following scenario-

Scenario 1- If not a single symptom is presented in a beneficiary but chest x-ray is positive, show the case here.

Scenario 2- If any symptom or symptoms reported "yes" then show the case here even if chest x-ray/ TrueNAT is negative.

 

Name of data Field 

Field Type 

Value/ Options 

Validation/ Logic/ Condition 

Date 

Calendar 
Date Picker 

Mandatory 

  • Default value Today's Date 
  • Not greater than Today's Date 
  • Accept date greater or equal to Date of beneficiary registration 
  • should not allow to update in edit or once submitted 

Name 

Textbox 

 

Auto fill from Beneficiary details 
Show: First Name + Last Name 
Read only 

Age 

Textbox 

 

Auto fill from Beneficiary details 
Read only 

Gender

Textbox 

 

Auto fill from Beneficiary details 
Read only 

Is Digital Chest X-ray conducted

 

  • Yes
  • No 

 

  • To be enabled if "Referred for" = "Digital Chest X-ray"

Digital Chest X-Ray Test Result 

 

  • Positive
  • Negative
  • Enable only if "Digital Chest X-ray conducted"=“Yes”
  • If "Positive" is selected, move this case to Confirmed TB cases module.

Sputum Test

 

 
  • To be enabled in the following conditions-

a) If "Digital Chest X-Ray Test Result"= "Positive"

b) If "History of TB" = "Yes"

c) If "Age=< 5 years"

d) If "Are you pregnant= yes"

Is Sputum sample collected? 

radio button 

  • Yes 
  • No 

Is TrueNAT conducted

radio button 

  • Yes
  • No 
  • To be enabled if "Referred for" = "TrueNAT"
  • To be enabled if "Sputum Sample Collected" = "Yes"

TrueNAT

 radio button 

  • Positive
  • Negative
  • Enable only if "TrueNAT conducted"=“Yes”
  • Option to edit/ select after submission of the form
  • If "Positive" is selected, move this case to Confirmed TB cases module.

Is Liquid culture conducted

radio button 

  • Yes
  • No 
  • To be enabled only if "History of TB" = "Yes" and if "Sputum Sample Collected" = "Yes"

Liquid Culture

 radio button 

  • Positive
  • Negative
  • If "Positive" is selected, move this case to Confirmed TB cases module.
  • Option to edit/ select after submission of the form

Nikshay ID 

Textbox 

 

  • Enable if "Yes" is selected for 'Is Sputum sample collected.
  • Enable if "Yes" is selected for "Digital Chest X-ray conducted"
  • Enable if "Yes" is selected for "NAAT conducted"

Capture Geolocation



  • Capture current location details (latitude, longitude, address)

Submit 

Button 

 

 

 

2.2.2.c Confirmed TB cases

Treatment and follow up of TB confirmed cases. 

Name of Data Field 

Field Type 

Value/ Options 

Validation/ Logic/ Condition 

Regimen Type 

Radio button 

  1. DS-TB (6 Months)
  2. Shorter Regimen (9–12 Months)
  3. Longer Regimen (18–24 Months)
  4. BPaL Regimen (6 Months)
  5. INH Mono (6 Month) 

 

Open module 2.2.2.d (TPT- TB Prevention treatment) module if “DS-TB (6 Months)” is selected

Alert to Volunteer to screen all household members/ Contacts if DS-TB case is selected.

 

Treatment Start Date  

Date picker 

 

Mandatory 

  • Should be greater than or equals to TB (Identification and Diagnosis) Visit Date 
  • Not greater than Today's Date 

Expected Treatment Completion Date  

Label  

Read only 

Auto calculate this date based on below condition form ‘Treatment Start Date’: 

1. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “1”, “4”, “5” then add 6 months 

2. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “2”, then, Treatment duration is 9–12 months (show 9–12 range dates) 

3. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “3”, then, Treatment duration is 18–24 months (show 18–24 range dates) 

Follow-up & Adherence 

Follow up Date 

Date picker 

 

Mandatory 

  • Greater than or equal to Treatment Start Date or greater than Last Follow up Date 
  • Minimum date is Treatment Start Date 
  • Accept date greater than Last Follow up Date 
  • Allow 1 Follow up visit in a month (i.e. monthly 1 Follow up) 
  • Not greater than Today's Date 

Monthly follow up done 

Label  

Month-1 to Month-24 

  • Should be incremental based on monthly Follow up 

Adherence to Medicines 

Radio button 

  • Regular 
  • Irregular 

 

Any discomfort 

Radio button 

  • Yes
  • No 

 

Treatment Completion 

Did the patient complete the full course of treatment? 

Radio button 

  • Yes
  • No 

Enable these below filed based on below conditions: 

1. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “1”, “4”, “5” then enable after 5 Monthly follow up visits 

2. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “2”, then enable after 9 Monthly follow up visits 

3. If ‘Regimen Type’ is “3”, then enable after 18 Monthly follow up visits 

Actual Treatment Completion Date 

Date picker 

 

  • Enable this filed if “Yes” is selected above 
  • Greater than Last Follow up Date 

TB Treatment outcomes 

Dropdown 

  • Cured 
  • Failed 
  • Lost to Follow-up (LFU) 
  • Death 

If "Death" is selected, update 'Beneficiary Status' = "Death" in the Beneficiary record, with “Date of Death”, "Place of Death" and "Reason for Death” in the next fields. 

Date of Death 

Date picker 

 

  • Enable only if "TB Treatment outcomes" = “Death” and it is Mandatory 
  • By default, date is null 
  • Not greater than Today’s Date 
  • Greater than or equal to Treatment Start Date or greater than Last Follow up Date 

Place of Death 

Dropdown 

  • Home 
  • Subcenter 
  • PHC 
  • CHC 
  • District Hospital 
  • Medical College Hospital 
  • Private Hospital 
  • Other Place 

Enable only if "TB Treatment outcomes" = “Death” 

Reason for Death 

Label 

Read only 

Tuberculosis 

Enable only if "TB Treatment outcomes" = “Death” 

Reason for non completion of treatment

Textbox 

 

Enable this field if “No” selected for “Did the patient complete full treatment?” 

Capture Geolocation



  • Capture current location details (latitude, longitude, address)

Submit  

button 

 

 

Follow up visit history  

Table 

 

Maintain a Follow up visit history of Visit 

 2.2.2.d Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment

Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT)

  

 

Household Contact Line listing Screen- 

 

Name of data field 

Field Type 

Value/ Options 

Validation/ logic/ condition 

Name of the contact 

Text Box 

  


Age of the contact

 

  

Gender

Dropdown

  • Male
  • Female
  • Transgender
  • Prefer not to say
  • Mandatory
  • Speech to text feature

Mobile Number

Number


  • Optional
  • Speech to text feature

TPT (TB Preventive Treatment) Screening Status 

 

  • Not Started  
  • Pending 
  • Completed 
  • Mandatory 
  • Single selection allowed 
  • Default option is Pending 

 

Referral Facility for screening 

 

  • HWC 
  •  PHC 
  • CHC 
  • District Hospital 
  • Mandatory.  
  • Single selection allowed 
  • From here it can directly go to submit option as the contact first needs to get tested and confirmed if he/ she have to take TPT.  

 

 

Screening done at the referral facility 

 

  • Yes 
  • No  
  • Mandatory  

Is it confirmed TB case 

 

  • Yes 
  • No 
  • If yes, move the card to confirmed TB list. 
  • If no, continue ahead. 

Are you advised to take (TPT)  

 

  • Yes 
  • No 
  • If yes, continue with the next field. 
  • If no, then directly go to submit option. 

TPT initiated 

 

  • Yes 
  • No 
  • Mandatory 
  • Enable next fields if selected Yes. 

TPT start date 

Date picker 

=<Today’s date 

  • Mandatory if enabled 
  • Cannot be future date 
  • Cannot be before the date of screening 

Treatment duration of TPT 

 

  • 1 Month 
  • 3 month 
  • 6 month 

 

Expected completion date 

date 

  • Auto calculated 
  • Auto calculated= TPT start date + regimen duration 
  • Non editable 

Follow up visit number 

Numeric 

  • Auto increment (1-6) 
  • Non editable 
  • Automatic calculation by system 

Follow up visit date 

Date picker 

=<Today’s date 

  • Mandatory if enabled 
  • Cannot be future date 
  • Cannot be before the TPT start date 

TPT completion status 

 

  • Completed 
  • Incomplete 
  • Lost to follow up 
  • Developed active TB during TPT 
  • Died during TPT 
  • other 
  • Mandatory 
  • If selected “Completed” then enable date of completion field 
  • If selected “developed active TB during TPT” then redirect volunteer to create new case record for active TB  and close the TPT case. 
  • If selected “died during TPT” then enable date of death field and cause of death field  

Other 

Free text 

  •  
  •  

Date of completion 

Date picker 

=<Today’s date 

  • Mandatory if enabled 
  • Cannot be future date 

 

Date of death 

Date picker 

 

  • To be enabled if “TPT completion status” = Died during TPT 
  • Mandatory if enabled 

Cause of death 

Free text 

 

  • To be enabled if “TPT completion status” = Died during TPT 
  • Mandatory if enabled 

Capture Geolocation



  • Capture current location details (latitude, longitude, address)

Submit 

 

 

 


2.2.3 Module- Non Communicable Disease (NCD) Screening

Should be enabled for beneficiaries aged 30 years and above

Optional Module. 

Name of data field

Field type

Options/ values

Validation/ Logic

Hypertension Screening




Have you ever been diagnosed with high blood pressure?


·       Yes

·       No

·       Don’t Know

·       Single selection allowed

·       Optional


Are you currently taking medication for blood pressure?


·       Yes

·       No

·       Stopped recently

·       To be enabled if “Have you ever been diagnosed with high blood pressure” = “Yes”

·       Optional

Does anyone in your family have high blood pressure


·       Yes

·       No

·       Don’t Know

·       Single selection allowed

·       Optional


Have you experienced any of the following symptom/ symptoms


·       Dizziness

·       Swollen legs

·       Frequent headaches

·       None

·       Optional

·       Multiple selection possible

·       'None' selection should deselect all others

Systolic BP

Number-

Values to be captured in (mmHg)

·       Optional

·       If "less than 90" or "more than 140", show alert "Refer to Health and Wellness Centre" and show such beneficiaries in "Referral" card in Home

Diastolic BP

Number

Values to be captured in (mmHg)

·       Optional

·       If "less than 60" or "more than 90", show alert "Refer to Health and Wellness Centre" and show such beneficiaries in "Referral" card in Home

Diabetes Screening




Have you been diagnosed with diabetes or pre-diabetes?


·       Yes

·       No

·       Don’t Know

·       Single selection allowed

·       Optional


Are you currently on medication or insulin for diabetes?


·       Yes

·       No

·       Stopped recently

·       To be enabled if “Have you been diagnosed with diabetes or pre-diabetes?” = “Yes”

·       Optional

Have you experienced any of the following symptom/ symptoms in the past 3 months


·       Excessive thirst

·       Frequent urination

·       Unexplained weight loss

·       Blurred vision

·       Tingling/numbness in feet

·       Fatigue

·       Slow-healing wounds

·       None

·       Optional

·       Multiple selection possible

·       'None' selection should deselect all others

Random Blood Sugar

Number

Values to be captured in (mg/dl)

·       Optional

·       If >= 100 mg/dl then show alert "Refer to Health and Wellness Centre" and show such beneficiaries in "Referral" card in Home


2.2.4 Module - Referrals

This module should contain the list of names/ cases referred to health facilities.

2.3 Home Page- Dashboard

  1. Time Period- based on "today and previous months" This filter should show all the data cards in the dashboard pertaining to the time period selected. (eg: today, Jan, Feb etc)
  2. Village Name- Dropdown options to be populated with names of village/ hamlets



Field Name

Field Type

Options

Validation

Filter/ Selection option

Dropdown

The Dropdown Values are

  • Today
  • January
  • February
  • March
  • April
  • May
  • June
  • July
  • August
  • September
  • October
  • November
  • December

If this filter is selected, then show all the values of the dashboard indicators pertaining to the time period selected.

Filter/ Selection option

Dropdown

Village/ Hamlet names to be put here

If this filter is selected, then show all the values of the dashboard indicators pertaining to the particular village selected.

Total TB screenings

Male
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others


Card must be yellow in colour

It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total TB suspected cases

Male
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others


Card must be yellow in colour

It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total TB confirmed cases

Male
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others


Card must be yellow in colour

It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total Digital Chest X-Rays conducted

Male 
Female
Children (5-15 years)
Others

Age>= 60 years


 

 It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total Sputum collection conducted

Male 
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others

Age>= 60 years


 

 It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total True NAT tests conducted

Male 
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others

Age>= 60 years


 

It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total sputum samples sent for liquid culture

Male 
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others

Age>= 60 years


 

It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

Total cases referred to Health and Wellness Centres

Male 
Female
Children (<15 yrs)
Others

Age>= 60 years


 

 It must auto populate based on the filter selected.

Total number should be shown in bold with sex aggregated data- male, female, Children, others

NIKSHAY IDs


Card must be yellow in colour

Total number of NIKSHAY IDs made in the selected time period or Village

ABHA IDs


Card must be yellow in colour

Total number of ABHA IDs made in the selected time period or Village